{"id":1324,"date":"2023-03-01T18:11:43","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T15:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kupeliteolog.com\/?p=1324"},"modified":"2023-03-01T18:11:43","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T15:11:43","slug":"yeni-antlasmaya-tarihsel-bir-belge-olarak-guvenebilir-miyiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kupeliteolog.com\/index.php\/2023\/03\/01\/yeni-antlasmaya-tarihsel-bir-belge-olarak-guvenebilir-miyiz\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeni Antla\u015fma’ya Tarihsel bir Belge Olarak G\u00fcvenebilir miyiz?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yazar:<\/a> Matthew J. Slick<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok insan Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n tarihsel bir belge olarak ge\u00e7erlili\u011fine inanm\u0131yor. Ancak, Kutsal Kitap tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcvenilirdir. Kutsal Kitap belgelerini di\u011fer eski eserlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran tabloya bakarsak, Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer eski eserlerden ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenirlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloyu dikkatlice g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin:[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Yazar<\/strong><\/td>\nYaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih<\/strong><\/td>\nEn Erken kopyas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\nOrijinal ila kopya aras\u0131ndaki tahmini zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\nKopya say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\nKopyalar\u0131n tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lukretius<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 55 veya M.\u00d6. 53 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n1100 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plinius<\/strong><\/td>\nM.S. 61 \u2013 M.S. 113<\/td>\nM.S. 850<\/td>\n750 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plato<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 427 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 347<\/td>\nM.S. 900<\/td>\n1200 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Demostenes<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 4. Y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/td>\nM.S. 1100<\/td>\n800 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Herodot<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 480 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 425<\/td>\nM.S. 900<\/td>\n1300 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Suetonius<\/strong><\/td>\nM.S. 75 \u2013 M.S. 160<\/td>\nM.S. 950<\/td>\n800 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tukididis<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 460 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 400<\/td>\nM.S. 900<\/td>\n1300 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Euripides<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 480 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 406<\/td>\nM.S. 1100<\/td>\n1300 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aristofanes<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 450 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 385<\/td>\nM.S. 900<\/td>\n1200 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
J\u00fcl Sezar<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 100 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 44<\/td>\nM.S. 900<\/td>\n1000 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titus Livius<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 59 \u2013 M.S. 17<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n????<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tacitus<\/strong><\/td>\nM.S. 100 dolaylar\u0131nda<\/td>\nM.S. 1100<\/td>\n1000 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aristoteles<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 384 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 322<\/td>\nM.S. 1100<\/td>\n1400 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sofokles<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 496 \u2013 M.\u00d6. 406<\/td>\nM.S. 1000<\/td>\n1400 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n193<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Homeros (\u0130lyada)<\/strong><\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 900<\/td>\nM.\u00d6. 400<\/td>\n500 Y\u0131l<\/td>\n643<\/td>\n%95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yeni Antla\u015fma (\u0130ncil)<\/strong><\/td>\nM.S. 1.Y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/p>\n

(M.S. 50 \u2013 M.S. 100)<\/td>\n

M.S. 2.Y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/p>\n

(M.S. 130 y\u0131llar\u0131nda)<\/td>\n

100 Y\u0131ldan az<\/td>\n5600<\/td>\n%99,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kutsal Kitap, \u00f6zellikle Yeni Antla\u015fma el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer eski eserlerden say\u0131ca daha fazla oldu\u011fu, orijinal metinlerle kopyalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki zaman s\u00fcrecinin daha az oldu\u011fu ve daha g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kutsal Kitap bir Tarih kitab\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n bir tarih kitab\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir \u2013 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6yledir. Kutsal Kitap, yerleri, ki\u015fileri ve olaylar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik a\u00e7\u0131lardan detaylar\u0131yla anlat\u0131r. Kutsal Kitap, Tanr\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n binlerce y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n en temel tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r. Kutsal Kitap\u2019ta hemen-hemen her sayfay\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, orada bir insan\u0131n veya bir yerin ismini bulursunuz. Bundan daha fazlas\u0131 arkeoloji taraf\u0131ndan da do\u011frulanabilir. Arkeoloji Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n esinlendi\u011fini kan\u0131tlayamasa da, Kutsal Kitap\u2019ta ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yerlerin ve olaylar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayabilir. Ancak bug\u00fcne kadar, Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131 yalanlayacak hi\u00e7bir arkeolojik bulgu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buna ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Kutsal Kitap\u2019ta bir\u00e7ok tarihsel hata bulundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131 ve buna kan\u0131t olarak da Lisanias\u2019\u0131n M.S. 27 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avilini\u2019nin y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen ayeti (Luka 3:1) g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131. Y\u0131llar boyunca uzmanlar Luka\u2019n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in buna \u201cger\u00e7ek hata\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 veriyorlard\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Lisanias\u2019\u0131n tetrark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak Luka\u2019dan 50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kadar Halkis y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011funu herkes\u00e7e bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Fakat arkeolojik kay\u0131tlar, Lisanias\u2019\u0131n aynen Luka\u2019n\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u015eam\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yer alan Avilini\u2019de y\u00f6netici oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Asl\u0131nda, Lisanias isimli iki ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu ve Luka\u2019n\u0131n da do\u011frular\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Eriha\u2019n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 aynen Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n da s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak bulundu. Bir\u00e7ok ele\u015ftirmenin, Nas\u0131ra\u2019n\u0131n var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheleri vard\u0131, ancak arkeologlar birinci y\u00fczy\u0131la ait bir Sezariye bir havra (sinagog) bulunca, Nas\u0131ra\u2019n\u0131n var olmu\u015f oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131lar. Bulgular, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hirodes\u2019in ve onun o\u011flu Hirodes Antipa\u2019n\u0131n bir zamanlar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlad\u0131rlar. El\u00e7i Petrus\u2019un Kefarnahum\u2019daki evinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 da bulundu. \u00c7arm\u0131ha gerilmi\u015f ki\u015filerin bileklerine ve ayaklar\u0131na \u00e7ak\u0131lan \u00e7ivili kemikler bulundur; bunlar, \u00e7arm\u0131h ger\u00e7e\u011fini kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f oldu. Ayr\u0131ca, Ba\u015fk\u00e2hin Hananya\u2019n\u0131n kemikleri de, \u00f6l\u00fc kemiklerinin konuldu\u011fu yerde bulundu (\u00f6l\u00fc kemiklerin konuldu\u011fu kutu).<\/p>\n

Tabii ki, Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131 do\u011frulayan arkeolojik kaz\u0131nt\u0131lar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Beytsayda, Beytfaci, Filipus Sezariyesi, Kefarnahum, K\u0131br\u0131s, Galatya, Filipi, Selanik, Veriya, Atina, Korint, Efes, Roma ve di\u011ferleri vard\u0131r. Bu konuda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in, \u201cKutsal Kitap\u2019taki Kentleri Do\u011frulayan Arkeolojik Kan\u0131t<\/u>\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cPontius Pilatus\u2019a ili\u015fkin \u00fczerinde \u2018Yahuda\u2019n\u0131n Valisi\u2019 yazan bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f bulundu.\u201d[2]<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Luka 3:1, \u201cSezar Tiberius’un egemenli\u011finin on be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Yahudiye’de Pontius Pilatus valilik yap\u0131yordu…\u201d<\/li>\n
  3. \u201cClaudius\u2019un Delphi\u2019de (Yunanistan\u2019da) bulunan ferman\u0131na, Gallio\u2019n\u0131n M.S. 51 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ahaya valisi oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor, b\u00f6ylece bu da Pavlus\u2019un Korint\u2019teki hizmetiyle ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar (El\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 18:12).[3]<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u201cEl\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 18:12, \u201cGallio’nun Ahaya Valisi oldu\u011fu s\u0131ralarda, hep birlikte Pavlus’a kar\u015f\u0131 gelen Yahudiler onu mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.\u201d<\/li>\n
  5. \u201cKaz\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Erastus isimli bir hay\u0131rseverin ismi orataya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu da, Romal\u0131lar 16:23\u2019te ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en kent hazinedar\u0131 Erastus\u2019la ilgili olabilir.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Romal\u0131lar 16:23, \u201cBana ve b\u00fct\u00fcn inanl\u0131lar toplulu\u011funa konukseverlik eden Gayus size selam eder. Kent haznedar\u0131 Erastus’un ve Kuartus karde\u015fin size selamlar\u0131 var.\u201d<\/li>\n
  7. \u201cEfes\u2019te, t\u0131pk\u0131 El\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 19:28-41\u2019de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. El\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 19:28, \u201cOradakiler bunu duyunca \u00f6fkeyle doldular. “Efesliler’in Artemisi uludur!” diye ba\u011f\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/li>\n
  9. \u201cKirinius\u2019un M.S. 6 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avgustus taraf\u0131ndan Suriye valisi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Arkeolog Sir William Ramsay, Kirinius\u2019un iki kez Suriye valisi oldu\u011funa dair baz\u0131 yaz\u0131tlar ke\u015ffetti, birincisi, bu tarihten birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nceydi… arkeoloji baz\u0131 beklenmeyen ve destekleyici cevaplar buldu. Bu olaylar\u0131n arkaplan\u0131n\u0131 desteklerken, arkeoloji bize baz\u0131 ger\u00e7ekleri temellendirmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. (1) N\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda s\u0131radan say\u0131labilen bir \u015feydi ve bu da Yahudiye\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. (2) \u0130nsanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla, kendi do\u011fduklar\u0131 kente d\u00f6nmeleri gerekliydi. (3) Bu n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreci, Avgustus\u2019un d\u00f6neminde (M.\u00d6. 37 \u2013 M.S. 16) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu tarihlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u201d[6]<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u201cLuka\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel ger\u00e7eklili\u011fi bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131tlarla kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Selanik\u2019in \u2018yetkilileri\u2019 (El\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 17:6, 8) yarg\u0131\u00e7lard\u0131lar ve isimleri M.S. 1.y\u00fczy\u0131lda kentteki be\u015f yaz\u0131tta bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, Publius da \u2018pro\u00b5tos\u2019 (ba\u015f yetkili) veya Malta Valisi oldu\u011fu do\u011frudur (El\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 28:7). Yaz\u0131tlar, Listra\u2019n\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda baz\u0131 Likaonya\u2019l\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Zeus ve Hermen i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f heykeller ve o civarlarda da \u2018Dualar\u0131 Duyan\u2019 (Zeus) ve Hermes i\u00e7in ta\u015ftan bir sunak oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu da, Barnaba ve Pavlus\u2019un Zeus (Jupiter) ve Hermes (Merk\u00fcr) olarak an\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r (El\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 14:11). Pavlus\u2019un bir sonraki dura\u011f\u0131 olan Derbe, 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ballance taraf\u0131ndan Karaman yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Kerte H\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te oldu\u011fu ke\u015ffedildi (AS 7, 1957, syf. 147ff). Luka\u2019n\u0131n, 1.Hirodes\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce Kirinius\u2019un Suriye valisi oldu\u011funu (Luka 2:2) ve Lisanias\u2019\u0131n Avilini y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemesi (Luka 3:1), yaz\u0131tlar taraf\u0131ndan da desteklenmektedir.\u201d[7]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bunlar gibi, Kutsal Kitap\u2019ta ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yerleri ve olaylar\u0131 kan\u0131tlayacak daha bir\u00e7ok kan\u0131t vard\u0131r. Kutsal Kitap g\u00fcvenilir midir? Kesinlikle evet! Unutmay\u0131n, hi\u00e7bir arkolojik bulu\u015f Kutsal Kitap\u2019la \u00e7eli\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bulunan yaz\u0131tlar bunu kan\u0131tlamakta ve b\u00f6ylece biz Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n tarihsel bir belge olarak da kan\u0131tlanabilir.<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> Yukar\u0131daki tablo \u00fc\u00e7 tane kaynaktan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 1)\u00a0Christian Apologetics<\/em>, Norman Geisler, 1976, syf. 307; 2) “Archaeology and History attest to the Reliability of the Bible,”<\/em>makalesi, <\/em>Richard M. Fales, Ph.D., in\u00a0The Evidence Bible<\/em>, Ray Comfort taraf\u0131ndan Derlendi, Bridge-Logos Publishers, Gainesville, FL, 2001, syf. 163; ve 3)\u00a0A Ready Defense<\/em>, Josh Mcdowell, 1993, syf. 45.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> The New Bible Dictionary<\/em>, Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1962.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> Habermas, Gary R.,\u00a0The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ<\/em>, Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 1996.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> The New Bible Dictionary<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yazar: Matthew J. Slick Bir\u00e7ok insan Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n tarihsel bir belge olarak ge\u00e7erlili\u011fine inanm\u0131yor. Ancak, Kutsal Kitap tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcvenilirdir. Kutsal Kitap belgelerini di\u011fer eski eserlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran tabloya bakarsak, Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer eski eserlerden ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenirlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloyu dikkatlice g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irin:[1] Yazar Yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih En Erken kopyas\u0131 Orijinal …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[97,94,31,56,70,96,95],"class_list":["post-1324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apolojetik","tag-arkeoloji","tag-baba","tag-incil","tag-isa-mesih","tag-kutsal-kitap","tag-kutsal-ruh","tag-ogul"],"yoast_head":"\nYeni Antla\u015fma'ya Tarihsel bir Belge Olarak G\u00fcvenebilir miyiz? - K\u00fcpeli Teolog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kupeliteolog.com\/index.php\/2023\/03\/01\/yeni-antlasmaya-tarihsel-bir-belge-olarak-guvenebilir-miyiz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yeni Antla\u015fma'ya Tarihsel bir Belge Olarak G\u00fcvenebilir miyiz? - K\u00fcpeli Teolog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yazar: Matthew J. Slick Bir\u00e7ok insan Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n tarihsel bir belge olarak ge\u00e7erlili\u011fine inanm\u0131yor. Ancak, Kutsal Kitap tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcvenilirdir. Kutsal Kitap belgelerini di\u011fer eski eserlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran tabloya bakarsak, Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer eski eserlerden ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenirlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz. 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