{"id":1255,"date":"2023-01-10T20:08:33","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T17:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kupeliteolog.com\/?p=1255"},"modified":"2023-01-10T20:08:33","modified_gmt":"2023-01-10T17:08:33","slug":"kitap-incelemesi-athanasius","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kupeliteolog.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/10\/kitap-incelemesi-athanasius\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cKel\u00e2m\u0131n V\u00fccut Bulmas\u0131 \u00dczerine\u201d (\u0130skenderiyeli Athanasius)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kitab\u0131n Amac\u0131<\/p>\n

Athanasius kitaba<\/a> ba\u015flarken arkada\u015f\u0131 Macarius’tan s\u00f6z ederek, kitab\u0131 ona hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu hat\u0131rlatma asl\u0131nda kitab\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki durum ve \u015fartlar\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Athanasius’un bu kitab\u0131 tam olarak ne zaman yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemekle birlikte, o d\u00f6nemde Yahudiler ve Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Hristiyanlar\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve alay edildi\u011fi barizdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Athanasius, kitab\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n Kel\u00e2m olan Mesih’in v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131n\u0131 ele almak oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131. Athanasius’un birincil amac\u0131, \u0130sa Mesih’in v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131nda sa\u00e7ma bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak, Mesih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve dirili\u015finin \u00f6nemini vurgulamak ve bunu yaparken Hristiyan olmayan felsefe ve anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmekti.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n Genel \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n

Athanasius, bu kitab\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u0130sa Mesih’in v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini ifade ediyor ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sapk\u0131n inan\u00e7 ve felsefelere g\u00f6n\u00fcl verenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yan\u0131lg\u0131 i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r. Athanasius’un d\u00f6neminin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131n bir manifesto oldu\u011funu kabul etmek gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Temel olarak, Athanasius’un kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ay\u0131rmak makul bir ad\u0131m olacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk k\u0131s\u0131m, sapk\u0131nlar\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Mesih’in v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerdir; ikinci k\u0131s\u0131m, Mesih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve dirili\u015finin \u00f6nemi; \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131m da \u00e7o\u011funlukla klasik inan\u00e7 savunma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Athanasius’un bu kitab\u0131na genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Yahudilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Gnostik, Epikuros\u00e7u ve Platoncu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere de klasik inan\u00e7 savunmas\u0131 y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak yan\u0131t verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Athanasius’un arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz zay\u0131f de\u011fildi, ancak insan\u0131n g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n imans\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na keskin bir \u015fekilde i\u015faret etmedi. Ayr\u0131ca, Westminster \u0130man A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 veya Heidelberg Kate\u015fizmi gibi Reform inan\u00e7 bildirgeleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Athanasius daha Arminius\u00e7u (\u00f6zg\u00fcr irade yanl\u0131s\u0131) bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi\u011fi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Zira o, insan\u0131n g\u00fcnah\u0131 ile Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f eylemi aras\u0131ndaki plan\u0131, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n insanlar\u0131 kurtarmas\u0131 bir zorunlulukmu\u015f gibi sunmu\u015ftur. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn 6. ve 7. paragraflar\u0131ndan bu anlam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ancak Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n insanl\u0131\u011fa kurtulu\u015f bah\u015fetmesi “gerekti\u011fini” a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmemi\u015ftir. Ku\u015fkusuz Mesih’in yery\u00fcz\u00fcne geli\u015fi ve kendisini Kilisesi i\u00e7in kurban olarak sunmas\u0131 g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar i\u00e7in tek kurtulu\u015f yoludur (El\u00e7ilerin \u0130\u015fleri 4:12). Ancak Tanr\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015feye ihtiyac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bunu yapmak zorunda de\u011fildi. \u0130nsan\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n sevgisinin \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir eylemidir (Romal\u0131lar 5:8). Kimse Tanr\u0131’y\u0131, O\u011flunu g\u00f6ndermeye zorlamad\u0131; Tanr\u0131 bunu kendi iyi amac\u0131 uyar\u0131nca yapt\u0131 (Efesliler 1:5).<\/p>\n

Athanasius, \u0130sa Mesih’in v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 neden daha ekledikten sonra, dirili\u015fin uydurma bir inan\u00e7 de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ek ve kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stererek, Mesih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir ve kitab\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Mesih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne odaklan\u0131yor. Mesih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hem Yahudiler hem de Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseme ve vurdumduymazl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Bu nedenle Athanasius, hem Yahudilerin hem de Yahudi olmayanlar\u0131n utan\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7arm\u0131ha daha fazla \u00f6nem verdi. Athanasius, 21. paragrafta Mesih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tesad\u00fcf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha ifade etmektedir. Herhalde Yahudiler ve Yunanl\u0131lar, O’nun iddia ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuran ki\u015finin bir anda Yahudiler taraf\u0131ndan tutuklan\u0131p Romal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilmek \u00fczere d\u00f6v\u00fclmesini tutars\u0131z ve mant\u0131ks\u0131z bulmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu, ku\u015fkusuz, onlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00e7arp\u0131k ve yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktayd\u0131. Ancak Athanasius, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn tesad\u00fcfi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck kurtulu\u015f plan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n egemen oldu\u011funu varsaym\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak kitapta kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir \u015fey var: Athanasius’un baz\u0131 ifadelerinde evrenselci oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bir yandan kurtulu\u015fun ancak Mesih arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6te yandan 37. paragraf\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesinde \u015fu c\u00fcmleyi kurmu\u015ftur: “\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kurtulu\u015f t\u00fcm insanlara gelmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece t\u00fcm yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” Athanasius’un bu ifadeyle ne anlatmak istedi\u011fini anlamasam da inanc\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131na pek uydu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Belki de kilise babas\u0131, Origenes’in evrenselci kurtulu\u015f fikirlerine kap\u0131larak b\u00f6yle bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ki\u015fisel Fayda<\/p>\n

Athanasius’un kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumak ve terc\u00fcme etmek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131kt\u0131. Hem kitab\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1700 y\u0131l \u00f6nce hem de bir kilise babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, okurken bile heyecan uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Kitapta, Athanasius’un \u00e7ok zor bir zamanda bile inanc\u0131n\u0131 savunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve bunu \u00e7o\u011funlukla olduk\u00e7a iyi yapmas\u0131 son derece cesaret verici bir ger\u00e7ektir. Rabbimiz ve Kurtar\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z \u0130sa Mesih’in kendisinin g\u00f6rkeminden soyunarak insan bedeninde yery\u00fcz\u00fcne gelmesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda garip kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Bizler Hristiyanlar olarak bazen temel \u00f6\u011fretileri unutma hatas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015febiliriz. Bu \u00f6\u011fretiler ak\u0131llarda unutulmasa da g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famda ve ibadet hayat\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir. Ancak Athanasius’un bu kitab\u0131, bu ger\u00e7eklerin alt\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha \u00e7izmekte ve Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ne kadar g\u00f6rkemli ve muhte\u015fem bir kurtulu\u015f plan\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a: \u0130skenderiyeli Athanasius, Kel\u00e2m\u0131n V\u00fccut Bulmas\u0131, \u00e7ev. To\u011frul Salamzade (T\u00fcrkiye: Ahit Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2022).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kitab\u0131n Amac\u0131 Athanasius kitaba ba\u015flarken arkada\u015f\u0131 Macarius’tan s\u00f6z ederek, kitab\u0131 ona hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu hat\u0131rlatma asl\u0131nda kitab\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki durum ve \u015fartlar\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Athanasius’un bu kitab\u0131 tam olarak ne zaman yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemekle birlikte, o d\u00f6nemde Yahudiler ve Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Hristiyanlar\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve alay edildi\u011fi barizdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Athanasius, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1261,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[61,29,63,62,33,30],"class_list":["post-1255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kitap-incelemesi","tag-athanasius","tag-ilahiyat","tag-kelamin-vucut-bulmasi-uzerine","tag-kitap-incelemesi","tag-tanri","tag-teoloji"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cKel\u00e2m\u0131n V\u00fccut Bulmas\u0131 \u00dczerine\u201d (\u0130skenderiyeli Athanasius) - K\u00fcpeli Teolog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kupeliteolog.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/10\/kitap-incelemesi-athanasius\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cKel\u00e2m\u0131n V\u00fccut Bulmas\u0131 \u00dczerine\u201d (\u0130skenderiyeli Athanasius) - K\u00fcpeli Teolog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kitab\u0131n Amac\u0131 Athanasius kitaba ba\u015flarken arkada\u015f\u0131 Macarius’tan s\u00f6z ederek, kitab\u0131 ona hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. 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